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The difference between France and the rest of the world is that gambling here isn’t forbidden, but merely restricted. Here are some insights into the French gambling culture and its current status in the country.
Back to the Past
It all began in the early 1500s when the Queen was introduced to the card deck. The French variation was the precursor of the standard 52-card deck in use today. This comes as little surprise, because this innovation actually led to the creation of the majority of the popular games you know and love today.
For example, Blackjack, known in those days as “vingt-et-un,” was developed and played by the French Templars, as well the game of Faro.
These two games specifically were introduced to neighboring Britain, and then shipped across the Atlantic to the United States. And with the help of the French living in Mississippi, these card games spread across the rest of the country.
Cards were not the only thing that matured in France. The 16th century also gave rise to the idea of a state lottery, which was applied throughout Europe.
Other table games, such as poker and chemin de fer (similar to baccarat), developed in France and made their way into Europe and the United States through the decades.
No nation has ever been as democratic towards gambling as France. For example, when slot machines became popular, the government quickly legalized them. In 1997, the state gave its residents an even bigger present, when the government imposed a law that lowered the legal gambling age from 21 to 18.
Legal Environment
France is the foremost country for legal gambling. However, there are huge discrepancies between the offline and online gambling market. As of today, there are over 200 casinos and 16 bingo games halls all over the country.
All of them can be found in official casino guides, where potential gamblers can look through the reviews and make their selections. However, this only relates to brick and mortar casinos.
As for the online gambling platform, the whole situation seems a little biased. Let’s take a closer look at both forms in more detail, in order to understand the difference.
Live Gambling
Any form of gambling in France is regulated by the government and subject to licensing. Land-based casinos should be built in certain areas with designated operating hours. Gaming and casino gambling, sports betting, horse race betting, as well as lotteries, are all overseen and regulated by the Ministry of the Interior and the Budget Minister.
Somewhat ironically the only type of betting forbidden in the country is betting on fantasy sports.
In addition to the ministries who serve as the main branches of regulation, there are also special commissions that have been created to monitor gambling operations.
For instance, legal sports betting and lotteries refer to Francaise de Jeux, while horse racing is covered by Le Pari Mutuel Urbain. All illegal activities are monitored and prosecuted by special police forces named Sous Direction des Courses et des Jeux.
Basically, if you are 18 years old, you are allowed to play and wager on basically anything you want in France, and the sky’s the limit for you.
Online Gambling
Now here is the moment when it all becomes a giant paradox. For a long time, online gambling was highly controlled and restricted by the government. In 2001 PMU and FDJ acquired licenses to provide services online.
However, all of this was brought down to regulation of horse racing and sports. Online casinos were banned. Video poker, slots games or any other variant of gambling activity for real money online was labeled illegal.
This situation was further agitated when foreign online gambling sites intervened in French territory. The EU authorities claimed that the regulation of the industry violates the general provisions established for foreign online platforms, thereby pushing France to amend its existing laws.
In 2009 the government back tracked a little and adopted a bill, opening its market to more than 2500 websites, which did not cause any problems for public order and were recognized as legitimate. Nevertheless, their activity was narrowed down to betting strictly on sports and horse racing.
The blowback that followed this concession forced the French government to adopt the 2010 French Gambling Act. From that moment on, online poker and bingo became legal.
Still, the entire situation is not as simple as it seems upon first glance. Real money online casinos are forbidden, as they are recognized as being too addictive. This includes slots, roulette and blackjack.
Now France has a Regulatory Authority for Online Games, which functions as a gaming commission. This regulatory body is responsible for granting licenses to foreign gambling operators, while also publishing a list of the companies that are allowed to operate under the online gambling law.
Unfortunately, the industry is highly taxed, and it is incredibly difficult for small sites to succeed in France.
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Additionally, online gamblers grew increasingly frustrated when foreign operators could not run any kind of casino at all, while French user accounts also ended up being blocked. Many poker players received a message that the sites where they played were banned, and some of them were transferred to the sites of other companies like PartyPoker, which they were allowed to play.
Of course, there are several methods players can use to bypass these strict laws, such as changing and hiding their IP address or by using UK accounts, which is actually a fairly common practice in France.
Last but not least, social gambling is completely legal in France. To be more precise, there are no regulations in this regard, as this kind of pastime is not considered to be supporting games of chance, nor to be an overly addictive activity.
Playing for virtual money or bonuses is something anyone can practice without any restrictions whatsoever.
Present and Future
Numbers show that this industry, with its $35 billion annual turnover, is not slowing down; and is expected to expand in the years ahead. Last year’s growth figures stopped at 2.2%, and there is no sign of any future drop on the way.
With an average age of 42, this nation of 64 million people has so many ways to progress in gambling in the coming years.
Sporting events such as the World Cup may help boost both offline and online gambling revenues. Soccer is considered to be the national sport, and when the 2010 World Cup coincided with the adoption of the Gambling Act, the online betting industry nabbed a hefty profit of €83 million.
The same applies to major events like Tour de France. Nevertheless, the leadership belongs to horse racing. The pari-mutuel system in France flourishes within more than 8,000 PMU kiosks and bars, which is where 80% of the bets are actually placed.
Online gambling in France strongly depends upon both legislation and the tax system. Around 47% of poker players are frustrated with the official online platform, preferring to use unlicensed websites instead.
So it seems the French government doesn’t see any reason to weaken its grip on online casinos at the moment. Apparently, due to the leading position of online horse racing income, online poker is not considered to be worth supporting.
Yet another reason why French officials ban online casinos is that they are trying to avert problem gambling. Nonetheless, the numbers state that there are 45% of active gamblers among French people, and only 1.3% of them have confessed they have a gambling problem.
To be real, these numbers are extremely low, and there is no evidence that allowing online casinos has the potential to negatively affect the current situation.
Conclusion
The overall situation with gambling in France is not that complicated when it comes to land-based casinos; but if you do decide to find an internet casino to play, there might be some obstacles.
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The best way to make some profit both online and offline is to go with sports betting, as French people are extremely fond of this. What is more, you won’t face any problems with the law or high taxes. This is pretty good, as after getting your winning pot, you certainly don’t want to get ripped off.
| Country (sports) | Iran France |
|---|---|
| Residence | Paris, France |
| Born | 26 April 1956 (age 64) Arak, Iran |
| Height | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |
| Turned pro | 1974 |
| Retired | 2003[N 1] |
| Plays | Right-handed (one-handed backhand) |
| Prize money | $368,780 |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 23–47 |
| Career titles | 0 |
| Highest ranking | No. 192 (9 May 1988) |
| Grand Slam Singles results | |
| Australian Open | Q1 (1977) |
| French Open | 2R (1981) |
| Wimbledon | Q1 (1976) |
| Doubles | |
| Career record | 108–139 |
| Career titles | 2 |
| Highest ranking | No. 31 (6 July 1987) |
| Grand Slam Doubles results | |
| Australian Open | 1R (1977Jan) |
| French Open | F (1989) |
| Wimbledon | 2R (1988) |
| US Open | 3R (1987) |
| Mixed doubles | |
| Grand Slam Mixed Doubles results | |
| Wimbledon | 1R (1990) |
Mansour Bahrami (Persian: منصور بهرامی; born April 26, 1956) is a former professional tennis player. He is Iranian with dual French nationality since 1989. While only moderately successful on the ATP Tour, his showmanship has made him a long-standing and popular figure in invitational tournaments.
Tennis career[edit]
Bahrami reached the Davis Cup team at the age of 16 but in the late 1970s the Islamic Revolution within Iran led to tennis being viewed as a capitalist and elitist sport and therefore banned.[1] He spent the next three years playing backgammon as all tennis courts were closed down. In desperation, he fled to France with his life savings, which he gambled in a casino and lost.[2]
While his best days were already behind him, and never having maximized his potential in singles, he became a successful doubles player, winning two tournaments and reaching the 1989 French Open doubles final in 1989 with Éric Winogradsky.[3][2]
Senior tournaments[edit]
Bahrami has been a mainstay of the seniors invitational tennis circuit for more than 25 years.[1] Bahrami is considered to have 'found his niche' on the ATP Champions Tour,[2] where his flamboyant style and propensity for trick shots chimed with the tour's more entertainment-oriented remit. In reference to his showmanship, his 2009 English-language autobiography was titled The Court Jester.[4]
ATP career finals[edit]
Doubles: 12 (2–10)[edit]
| Winner - Legend |
|---|
| Grand Slam (0–1) |
| Tennis Masters Cup (0–0) |
| ATP Masters Series (0–2) |
| ATP Tour (2–7) |
| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loss | 0–1 | 1986 | ATP Bordeaux | Clay | Ronald Agénor | Jordi Arrese David de Miguel | 5–7, 4–6 |
| Loss | 0–2 | 1986 | MercedesCup | Clay | Diego Pérez | Hans Gildemeister Andrés Gómez | 4–6, 3–6 |
| Loss | 0–3 | 1986 | Paris Masters | Carpet (i) | Diego Pérez | Peter Fleming John McEnroe | 3–6, 2–6 |
| Loss | 0–4 | 1987 | Monte-Carlo Masters | Clay | Michael Mortensen | Hans Gildemeister Andrés Gómez | 2–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 0–5 | 1987 | Geneva Open | Clay | Diego Pérez | Ricardo Acioly Luiz Mattar | 6–3, 4–6, 2–6 |
| Win | 1–5 | 1988 | Geneva Open | Clay | Tomáš Šmíd | Gustavo Luza Guillermo Pérez Roldán | 6-4 6-3 |
| Loss | 1–6 | 1988 | Toulouse Grand Prix | Hard (i) | Guy Forget | Tom Nijssen Ricki Osterthun | 3–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 1–7 | 1989 | French Open | Clay | Éric Winogradsky | Jim Grabb Patrick McEnroe | 4–6, 6–2, 4–6, 6–7(5–7) |
| Loss | 1–8 | 1989 | Geneva Open | Clay | Guillermo Pérez Roldán | Andrés Gómez Alberto Mancini | 3–6, 5–7 |
| Win | 2–8 | 1989 | Toulouse Grand Prix | Hard (i) | Éric Winogradsky | Todd Nelson Roger Smith | 6–2, 7–6 |
| Loss | 2–9 | 1990 | ATP Bordeaux | Clay | Yannick Noah | Tomás Carbonell Libor Pimek | 3–6, 7–6, 2-6 |
| Loss | 2–10 | 1991 | Copenhagen Open | Carpet (i) | Andrei Olhovskiy | Todd Woodbridge Mark Woodforde | 3–6, 1–6 |
Challenger finals[edit]
Doubles: 5 (3–2)[edit]
| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partnering | Opponents | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Runner-up | 1. | 1986 | Chartres, France | Clay | Éric Winogradsky | Javier Frana Gustavo Guerrero | 2–6, 4–6 |
| Winner | 1. | 1986 | Neu-Ulm, West Germany | Clay | Jaroslav Navrátil | Menno Oosting Huub van Boeckel | 7–5, 6–1 |
| Winner | 2. | 1987 | Clermont-Ferrand, France | Clay | Claudio Mezzadri | Christophe Lesage Jean-Marc Piacentile | 6–3, 7–5 |
| Runner-up | 2. | 1987 | Neu-Ulm, West Germany | Clay | Michael Mortensen | Jaromir Becka Udo Riglewski | WEA |
| Winner | 3. | 1990 | Dijon, France | Carpet (i) | Rodolphe Gilbert | Jan Apell Peter Nyborg | 7-5, 6-2 |
Bibliography and filmography[edit]
- Bahrami, Mansour (2006). Le court des miracles (in French). Paris: Le Cherche Midi. ISBN2749107652.
- Bahrami, Mansour; Issartel, Jean (2009). The court jester : my story. Central Milton Keynes: TennisMania Trust, in association with AuthorHouse. ISBN1438987943.
- The Man behind the Moustache, DVD (2009).
Notes[edit]
- ^Bahrami retired from the main ATP Tour in 2003. As of 2019 he continues to appear at invitational events.
References[edit]
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mansour Bahrami. |
- ^ abTilley, Joanna (3 July 2013). 'Bahrami: Iran's solo tennis representative'. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
- ^ abcATP profile
- ^MacDonald, Geoff (30 January 2010). 'Islamic Republic Crushed the Dreams of Iran's Top Tennis Players'. New York Times. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
- ^Bahrami, Mansour; Issartel, Jean (2009). The court jester : my story. Central Milton Keynes: TennisMania Trust, in association with AuthorHouse. ISBN1438987943.
External links[edit]
France Casinos
- Mansour Bahrami at the Association of Tennis Professionals
- Mansour Bahrami at the International Tennis Federation